隧道超前地质预报方法选取研究与应用

通过对隧道超前地质预报的几种物探方法的理论分析,揭示各种方法的使用前提及最终所得参数和信息,在此基础上总结出各种方法的优缺点和适宜范围。提出以地质分析为核心与指导,选择探测突变参数,多方法综合对比分析的物探方法选取原则,使物探方法的选择更有针对性,所得到的解译结果物性差异明显,便于分析判别,并提高预报的准确性。     

船舶波浪载荷短期极值的经验公式

对散货船、油船、集装箱船的多艘实船进行了短期波浪载荷直接计算,分析了这三种船型的船舯垂向弯矩、L/4(L为船长)处垂向剪力、3L/4处垂向剪力的若干规律,以及集装箱船型的扭矩、船舯水平弯矩的若干规律.根据这些规律,总结出一套针对特定船型的短期波浪载荷极值的完整计算公式.     

基于货运强度变化规律的货运量预测方法

目前我国部分地区货运量统计数据存在收集不全、统计口径不一致及社会经济环境变化大等问题,导致常规的时间序列预测法和回归预测法难以在这些地区应用。鉴于此,分析了国内外货运强度变化的规律,指出人均GDP和第三产业所占比例是影响货运强度的主要因子,提出了通过模糊聚类方法对地区货运发展阶段进行定位,找出其发展阶段所对应的货运强度值,进而提出依据人均GDP和第三产业所占比例进行货运量预测的方法。最后对邢台市的货运量预测进行了实证研究。     

基于SPSS主成分分析法在公路客运量预测中的应用

分析选取影响公路客运量的主要因素,基于SPSS统计软件对各因素进行主成分分析,将众多相关因素简化为少数不相关因素,消除由于变量过多导致的多重共线性影响,构建了河南省公路客运量预测模型。实例证明,该模型具有较高的精度,能够满足河南省公路客运量预测的需要。     

基于模式识别的短时交通流预测

实时准确可靠的短时交通流预测是智能运输系统的基础,有很多种方法被用来对交通流进行预测.基于模式识别的交通流预测方法是较新的预测方法之一.提出一个用于短时交通流预测的模式和对应的模式识别算法,并对城区道路的交通流做了实验预测,结果表明在趋势上较为准确.     

基于四阶段法的旅游交通量预测

公路旅游交通是公路交通运输业的重要组成部分,随着现代旅游业的发展,公路旅游交通在公路交通运输业中的地位日益显现。然而目前缺乏有效的预测公路旅游交通量的方法。采用四阶段分析理论,以利川和万州地区高速公路建设为分析对象,在分析区域社会经济、旅游人数和旅游产业发展趋势的基础上,预测区域旅游交通总量,在分析基年旅游交通量分布的基础上确定各路段的交通出行量。有效地预测了利川和万州地区高速公路建设中的旅游交通量。     

1/32° real-time global ocean prediction and value-added over 1/16° resolution

A 1/32° global ocean nowcast/forecast system has been developed by the Naval Research Laboratory at the Stennis Space Center. It started running at the Naval Oceanographic Office in near real-time on 1 Nov. 2003 and has been running daily in real-time since 1 Mar. 2005. It became an operational system on 6 March 2006, replacing the existing 1/16° system which ceased operation on 12 March 2006. Both systems use the NRL Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) with assimilation of sea surface height from satellite altimeters and sea surface temperature from multi-channel satellite infrared radiometers. Real-time and archived results are available online at http://www.ocean.nrlssc.navy.mil/global_nlom. The 1/32° system has improvements over the earlier system that can be grouped into two categories: (1) better resolution and representation of dynamical processes and (2) design modifications. The design modifications are the result of accrued knowledge since the development of the earlier 1/16° system. The improved horizontal resolution of the 1/32° system has significant dynamical benefits which increase the ability of the model to accurately nowcast and skillfully forecast. At the finer resolution, current pathways and their transports become more accurate, the sea surface height (SSH) variability increases and becomes more realistic and even the global ocean circulation experiences some changes (including inter-basin exchange). These improvements make the 1/32° system a better dynamical interpolator of assimilated satellite altimeter track data, using a one-day model forecast as the first guess. The result is quantitatively more accurate nowcasts, as is illustrated by several model-data comparisons. Based on comparisons with ocean color imagery in the northwestern Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman, the 1/32° system has even demonstrated the ability to map small eddies, 25–75 km in diameter, with 70% reliability and a median eddy center location error of 22.5 km, a surprising and unanticipated result from assimilation of altimeter track data. For all of the eddies (50% small eddies), the reliability was 80% and the median eddy center location error was 29 km. The 1/32° system also exhibits improved forecast skill in relation to the 1/16° system. This is due to (a) a more accurate initial condition for the forecast and (b) better resolution and representation of critical dynamical processes (such as upper ocean – topographic coupling via mesoscale flow instabilities) which allow the model to more accurately evolve these features in time while running in forecast mode (forecast atmospheric forcing for the first 5 days, then gradually reverting toward climatology for the remainder of the 30-day forecast period). At 1/32° resolution, forecast SSH generally compares better with unassimilated observations and the anomaly correlation of the forecast SSH exceeds that from persistence by a larger amount than found in the 1/16° system.     

GM(1,1)模型与指数模型在基桩沉降预测中的应用

以某大型基桩的沉降预测为例,利用灰色系统理论的GM(1,1)与Aeax曲线模型进行基桩在外荷载作用下沉降量的预测。结果表明:两种模型对于呈指数变化规律的系统能获得较好的预测结果;两种模型对基桩累计沉降的预测符合工程实际,对各级荷载作用下的本级沉降预测不够合理。对两种模型关系的研究表明,两者有内在联系,都属指数曲线预测模型,且指数曲线Aeax预测模型比GM(1,1)模型应用起来更简单,方便。     

基于神经网络的地基承载力预测

对地基承载力的不确定性进行分析,将人工神经网络应用于地基承载力的确定,建立了地基承载力的神经网络模型,时勘察设计有一定的使用价值。     

船舶运动的极短期预报试验

利用自回归模型对船舶运动进行了预报试验研究。试验结果表明,对于直升机稳定平台补偿控制系统来说,由于只需要对船舶未来极短时间内的运动进行预报,所以基于自回归模型的预报方法能满足系统的实际要求,是一种简单、可行的方法。